Main stages of the development of criminal investigation technique within expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Abstract

The concept, classification and system of criminal investigation technique have been studied. The concept, structure and main tasks of the Expert service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (hereinafter – MIA) of Ukraine have been highlighted. The history of the development of expert departments of Internal Affairs Agencies has been analyzed. The author has provided own classification of the stages of the development of criminal investigation technique within expert institutions of the MIA of Ukraine, taking into account the structure of the state, where they were: 1) pre-Soviet stage – creation of conditions for the organization of expert institutions (up to 1917); 2) Soviet stage (from 1917 to 1991); the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of Ukrainian SSR dated from April 15, 1919 on the organization of a forensic and criminal investigation laid the beginning of the revival of forensic institutions; preconditions of forensic techniques and methods for the implementation into practice of fighting against crime were created, namely activity of registration offices was renewed; 3) post-Soviet stage (from 1991 to 2015) – post-Soviet system of expert institutions remaining, but there were attempts to change it; 4) the stage of modern development (from 2015 to the present time), which is marked with the beginning of major changes in the system of expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Preconditions for improving service activities, increasing the effectiveness of using forensic means during the pre-trial investigation and during forensic activity are created at the present stage of the development of criminal investigation technique within expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.