The structure of the forensic characteristics of offences under Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

L. Ye.  Barash

doi:10.32631/v.2023.2.16

L. Ye. Barash National Scientific Center “Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute” https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1762-3727

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.2.16

Keywords: forensic characteristics of crimes, forensic methodology, pre-trial investigation, forgery, use of forged documents.

Abstract

The article is devoted to determining the structure of the forensic characteristics of crimes under Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Illegal actions with the documents for transfer, payment cards and other means of access to bank accounts, electronic money, equipment for their production”. The theoretical foundations of developing forensic characteristics of a particular type of crime have been analysed and the grounds for forming its structure have been highlighted. These grounds include criminal law elements of a crime, a list of circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings, and elements of the mechanism of committing illegal actions with payment instruments. Significant elements for the forensic methodology of the criminal law characteristics of the crime under investigation are its subject matter, method of commission and subjective features. Among the elements of the subject matter of proof, the most important are also the object, method and identity of the offender, as well as the time, place and other circumstances of the crime.

In turn, the mechanism of illegal actions with payment instruments determines the need to study these elements in their broadest sense, i.e., taking into account all stages of criminal activity (preparation, direct commission and concealment), means and conditions of its implementation. Based on the analysis of the above theoretical foundations for the formation of a forensic characteristic of this type of crime, the author identifies the following elements which should be included in its structure: the subject matter of the crime; the method of the crime and its links with other criminal offences; typical traces (trace pattern); the setting (conditions) of the crime; and the identity of the perpetrator. This structure is the most optimal one, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the typical features of the crime mechanism and building its qualitative information model as the basis for further development of the relevant separate forensic methodology.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

L. Ye. Barash, National Scientific Center “Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute”

Postgraduate student.

References

Cherniavskyi S.S., 2010. Forensic characterization of crimes: comparative analysis of scientific concepts [Kryminalistychna kharakterystyka zlochyniv: porivnialnyi analiz naukovykh kontseptsii]. Naukovyy visnyk KNUVS – Science Bulletin of Kiev National University of Internal Affairs, No. 1, pp. 137-146.

Bernaz P.V., 2017. The concept of “forensic characteristics of a crime” [Poniattia “kryminalistychna kharakterystyka zlochynu”]. Pìvdennoukraïnsʹkij pravničij časopis – South Ukrainian Law Journal, No. 2, pp. 34-38.

Voichyshena M.V., 2018. Forensic characteristics as a scientific category of the methodology of investigation of criminal offenses [Kryminalistychna kharakterystyka yak naukova katehoriia metodyky rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen]. Pravovij časopis Donbasu – Law Journal of Donbass, Iss. 3, pp. 146-152.

Lukianchykov Ye., 2013. Regarding the concept of forensic characteristics of crimes [Shchodo poniattia kryminalistychnoi kharakterystyky zlochyniv]. Ìstoriko-pravovij časopis – History & Law Journal, No. 2, pp. 107-113.

Stepaniuk R.L., 2013. Problems of forming the forensic characteristics of certain types and groups of crimes [Problemy formuvannia kryminalistychnoi kharakterystyky okremykh vydiv i hrup zlochyniv]. Vìsnik Krimìnologičnoï asocìacìï Ukraïni – Bulletin of Criminological Association of Ukraine, No. 5, pp. 173-180.

Osyka I.M., 2006. Investigation of forgery of documents and their use in the field of entrepreneurship [Rozsliduvannia pidroblennia dokumentiv ta yikh vykorystannia u sferi pidpryiemnytstva]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs.

Reutskyi A.V., 2009. Methods of investigating crimes in the field of production and circulation of payment cards [Metodyka rozsliduvannia zlochyniv u sferi vyhotovlennia ta obihu platizhnykh kartok]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. Yaroslav Mudryi National Law Academy.

Shevchuk V.M., 2020. Structure of a separate criminalistic methodics: modern scientific approaches and research prospects [Struktura okremoi kryminalistychnoi metodyky: suchasni naukovi pidkhody ta perspektyvy doslidzhen]. Scientific notes of Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 252-261. https://doi.org/10.32838/1606-3716/2020.4/41.

Pchelina O.V., 2010. Peculiarities of the subject of proof in criminal cases about economic crimes and their influence on the investigation methodology [Osoblyvosti predmeta dokazuvannia u kryminalnykh spravakh pro ekonomichni zlochyny ta yikh vplyv na metodyku rozsliduvannia]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs.

Stepaniuk R.L., 2011. The structure of individual forensic methods of crime investigation [Struktura okremykh kryminalistychnykh metodyk rozsliduvannia zlochyniv]. Pravo Bezpeka, No. 4, pp. 143-147.

Volobuiev A.F., 2019. The mechanism of the crime and its connection with the conceptual provisions of criminology [Mekhanizm zlochynu ta yoho zviazok z kontseptualnymy polozhenniamy kryminalistyky]. Kryvyi Rih: Vydavets R.A. Kozlov.

Panov M.M., 2006. Criminal liability for illegal actions with transfer documents, payment cards and other means of access to bank accounts, equipment for their production [Kryminalna vidpovidalnist za nezakonni dii z dokumentamy na perekaz, platizhnymy kartkamy ta inshymy zasobamy dostupu do bankivskykh rakhunkiv, obladnanniam dlia yikh vyhotovlennia]. Ph.D. dissertation. Kharkiv.

Krupyna Ya.V., 2019. Criminal liability for illegal actions with transfer documents, payment cards and other means of access to bank accounts, electronic money, equipment for their production according to the legislation of foreign countries [Kryminalna vidpovidalnist za nezakonni dii z dokumentamy na perekaz, platizhnymy kartkamy i inshymy zasobamy dostupu do bankivskykh rakhunkiv, elektronnymy hroshyma, obladnanniam dlia yikh vyhotovlennia za zakonodavstvom zarubizhnykh krain]. In: Chernei V.V., Husarov S.D., Cherniavskyi S.S. et al. (eds), Criminological theory and practice: experience, current problems and ways to solve them [Kryminolohichna teoriia i praktyka: dosvid, problemy sohodennia ta shliakhy yikh vyrishennia]. Kyiv, 22 March. Kyiv: Natsionalna akademiia vnutrishnikh sprav. Pp. 309-312.