Investigation of criminal offences against property: typical investigative situations and problems of applying specialised knowledge
Abstract
During the period of the martial law regime, the legal system of Ukraine has undergone certain changes, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators of crime. This has led to the fact that some criminal offences have become a significant part of the crime structure and have therefore become the focus of professional attention of law enforcement agencies. These include, inter alia, criminal offences against property, including theft, robbery, assault, extortion, fraud, misappropriation, embezzlement or misappropriation of property through abuse of office, and more. This has highlighted the need to ensure effective counteraction to such criminal offences.
It has been substantiated that the basis of any forensic methodology for investigating a particular type or group of criminal offences is the proposed algorithms for solving tactical tasks of the initial stage of investigation in typical investigative situations, as well as the specifics of conducting the most relevant procedural actions and forms of using special knowledge for the relevant type or group of criminal offences.
Typical investigative situations of the initial stage of investigation of criminal offences against property have been analysed. It has been established that the grounds for classification of investigative situations at the initial stage of investigation of criminal offences against property may be as follows: 1) availability and completeness of information about the person who committed the criminal offence; 2) prospects for using the factor of surprise in the conditions prevailing at the time of the beginning of the pre-trial investigation; 3) completeness of the available information about the criminal offence event. It has been noted that such an approach does not exclude the possibility of using other criteria, which in some cases may be of auxiliary importance in the construction of methodological and forensic recommendations.
Based on the study of criminal proceedings, typical forensic examinations which are appointed in the course of investigation of criminal offences against property have been identified. It has been established that these include commodity, trace, fingerprint, portrait, molecular genetic, video and sound recording examinations. It has been identified the problematic issues arising in the course of their appointment, and recommendations have been formulated to eliminate the latter and improve the efficiency of implementation of this procedural form of use of special knowledge.
Downloads
References
Shevchuk V.M., 2022. Overload of forensics in the conditions of war: problems, tasks, prospects [Perevantazhennia kryminalistyky v umovakh viiny: problemy, zavdannia, perspektyvy]. In: Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Problems of documentation, determination of damage and compensation for damages caused to Ukraine and its citizens as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation [Problematyka dokumentalnoho oformlennia, vyznachennia shkody ta vidshkoduvannia zbytkiv, zavdanykh Ukraini ta yii hromadianam vnaslidok zbroinoi ahresii Rosiiskoi Federatsii]. Kharkiv, 22 June. Kharkiv: Natsionalnyi yurydychnyi universytet imeni Yaroslava Mudroho.
Koval Yu.Ye., 2016. Methods of investigation of theft of personal property of passengers on the railway transport of Ukraine [Metodyka rozsliduvannia kradizhok osobystoho maina pasazhyriv na zaliznychnomu transporti Ukrainy]. Ph.D. dissertation. Lviv Polytechnic National University.
Pyrih I.V. and Samsonova V.V., 2017. Methods of investigation of thefts committed on the territory of horticultural societies and country cooperatives [Metodyka rozsliduvannia kradizhok, vchynenykh na terytorii sadivnytskykh tovarystv i dachnykh kooperatyviv]. Dnipro: Dnipropetrovskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav.
Drozd V.Yu., 2019. Investigation of thefts from motor vehicles [Rozsliduvannia kradizhok z avtotransportnykh zasobiv]. Ph.D. dissertation. National Academy of Internal Affairs.
Kostyria O.M., 2019. Forensic characteristics and peculiarities of the investigation of robberies and robberies committed by previously convicted persons [Kryminalistychna kharakterystyka ta osoblyvosti rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv i rozboiv, uchynenykh ranishe zasudzhenymy osobamy]. Ph.D. dissertation. Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs.
Bystrytskyi B.Yu., 2016. Investigation of robberies committed by juveniles [Rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv, uchynenykh nepovnolitnimy]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. National Academy of Internal Affairs.
Bondar V.S., 2008. Problems of the theory of practice of using special knowledge in the investigation of burglaries [Problemy teorii i praktyky vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan v rozsliduvanni kradizhok z pronyknenniam u zhytlo]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. Academy of Advocacy of Ukraine.
Kravchuk P.Yu., 2015. Use of special knowledge during investigation of robberies and brigandage [Vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pid chas rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv i rozboiv]. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation. National University of State Tax Service of Ukraine.
Shevchenko O.V., 2017. Use of special commodity knowledge during pre-trial investigation [Vykorystannia spetsialnykh tovaroznavchykh znan pid chas dosudovoho rozsliduvannia]. Ph.D. dissertation. National Academy of Internal Affairs.
Bidniak H.S., 2019. Theory and practice of using special knowledge in fraud investigation [Teoriia i praktyka vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pry rozsliduvanni shakhraistv]. Dnipro: Dnipropetrovskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav.
Khomych D.O., 2020. Use of special knowledge in the investigation of natural gas theft, made by interfering with the operation of metering devices [Vykorystannia spetsialnykh znan pid chas rozsliduvannia kradizhok pryrodnoho hazu shliakhom vtruchannia v robotu pryladiv obliku]. Ph.D. dissertation. National Academy of Internal Affairs.
Stepaniuk R.L., 2013. Situational approach in the formation of methods of investigation of crimes committed in the budgetary sphere of Ukraine [Sytuatsiinyi pidkhid u formuvanni metodyk rozsliduvannia zlochyniv, vchynenykh u biudzhetnii sferi Ukrainy]. Pravo Bezpeka, No. 3, pp. 110-115.
Shevchuk V.M., 2014. Investigative situation: concepts, structure, types and their importance for optimizing the investigation of crimes [Slidcha sytuatsiia: poniattia, struktura, vydy ta yikh znachennia dlia optymizatsii rozsliduvannia zlochyniv]. Juridical Scientific and Electronic Journal, No. 1, pp. 146-150. Available at https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/17277/1/Shevchuk_146-150.pdf [Accessed 30 January 2023].
Pidpalyi V.V. and Kyslyi A.M., 2020. Typical investigative situations theftьin the conditions of a big city [Typovi slidchi sytuatsii rozsliduvannia kradizhok v umovakh velykoho mista]. Ûridična nauka – Juridical Science, No. 2, pp. 403-410. https://doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-104-2.45.
Zherebko O.I., 2017. The methodology of investigating thefts [Metodyka rozsliduvannia kradizhok]. Kriminalistika i sudebnaâ èkspertiza – Criminalistics and Forensics, No. 62, pp. 153-160.
Vysotenko Yu.V., 2021. Investigation of thefts committed by criminal groups [Rozsliduvannia kradizhok, uchynenykh zlochynnymy hrupamy]. Ph.D. dissertation. National Academy of Internal Affairs.
Bondar V.S., Holovkin S.V., Yershov O.A. et al., 2011. Methods of investigation of apartment thefts: teaching method. manual [Metodyka rozsliduvannia kvartyrnykh kradizhok]. Luhansk: RVV LDUVS.
Kovalenko V., 2022. Typical situations of the initial stage of investigation of robbers committed by minors [Typovi slidchi sytuatsii pochatkovoho etapu rozsliduvannia hrabezhiv, vchynenykh nepovnolitnimy]. Vìsnik Lugansʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu vnutrìšnìh sprav ìmenì E. O. Dìdorenka – Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. O. Didorenko, No. 4, pp. 236-246. https://doi.org/10.33766/2524-0323.100.236-246.
Mudretska H.V., 2010. Typical investigative situations of the initial stage of investigating the theft of budget funds [Typovi slidchi sytuatsii pochatkovoho etapu rozviduvannia vykraden biudzhetnykh koshtiv]. Deržava ì pravo – State and Law, No. 48, pp. 524-530.
Kotenko S.O. and Solonichenko L.A., 2021. Realization of the right of judicial experts to submit a petition when conducting a forensic commodity examination [Realizatsiia prava sudovykh ekspertiv na zaiavlennia klopotannia pry provedenni sudovoi tovaroznavchoi ekspertyzy]. In: Poltava University of Economics and trade et al., Actual problems of the theory and practice of goods examination [Aktualni problemy teorii i praktyky ekspertyzy tovariv]. Poltava, 25-25 March. Poltava: Poltavskyi universytet ekonomiky i torhivli. Pp. 19-22.
Kostorna O. and Zuieva O., 2022. Problems of planning and implementation of forensic exper commodity research [Problemy planuvannia ta zdiisnennia sudovykh ekspertnykh tovaroznavchykh doslidzhen]. Molodij včenij – Young Scientist, No. 2, pp. 55-57. https://doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2022-2-102-11.
Savchuk T.I., Kostiukova T.S. and Hretskykh I.A., 2021. Effective methods and means of working with trace of dactyldoscopic origin [Efektyvni metody ta zasoby roboty zi slidamy daktyloskopichnoho pokhodzhennia]. Internauka, Vol. 2, No 5, pp. 71-74. https://doi.org/10.25313/2520-2057-2021-5.
Lisanti G., Martinel N., Micheloni C., Del Bimbo A. and Foresti G. L., 2019. From person to group re-identification via unsupervised transfer of sparse features. Image and Vision Computing, No. 83-84, pp. 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2019.02.009.
Kryvoruchko L., Kucher O., Husieva V., Timush I. and Timush D., 2022. Legal and organizational principles of person identification by appearance during the investigation of criminal offenses in Ukraine. Amazonia Investiga, Vol. 11, Iss. 56, pp. 82-90. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.56.08.9.
Husieva V.О., 2021. Problems of human personal identification by appearance in investigation of criminal offenses [Problemy identyfikatsii osoby za oznakamy zovnishnosti pid chas rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen]. Teorìâ ta praktika sudovoï ekspertizi ì krimìnalìstiki – Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics, No. 2, pp. 109-122. https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2021.07.
Husieva V.О., 2022. Regarding the determination of factors that negatively affect the identification of a person based on appearance during the investigation [Shchodo vyznachennia chynnykiv, yaki nehatyvno poznachaiutsia na identyfikatsii osoby za oznakamy zovnishnosti pid chas rozsliduvannia]. In: Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs et al., Theoretical and applied problems of forensic examination and criminology [Teoretychni ta prykladni problemy sudovoi ekspertyzy i kryminalistyky]. Kharkiv, 30 September. Kharkiv: NDI PPSN. Pp. 41-43.
Brendel O.I., 2021. Expertise of video and sound recording: modern possibilities of diagnosis [Ekspertyza video-, zvukozapysu: suchasni mozhlyvosti diahnostyky]. In: European Conference, Practice and prospects. Geneva, Switzerland, 26-28 April. Geneva. Pp. 93-95.
Stepaniuk R.L. and Kikinchuk V.V., 2022. Directions for improving the legal regulation of forensic DNA analysis in Ukraine in the context of integration into the European Union [Napriamy vdoskonalennia pravovoho rehuliuvannia kryminalistychnoho DNK-analizu v Ukraini v konteksti intehratsii do Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu]. Visn. Hark. nac. univ. vnutr. sprav, No. 2, pp. 234-249. https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.2.21.
Copyright (c) 2023 R. L. Stepaniuk, V. O. Husieva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
